Hygienic hand disinfection is defined as rubbing the dry hands with alcohol-based preparations over a time period of 30 seconds. The aim of the procedure is the inactivation of the microorganisms that reached the surface of the skin...

Disinfection of used medical instruments. The reprocessing is subject to legal regulations (Medical Devices Operator Ordinance) that are summarised in the RKI recommendation "Hygiene Requirements for Reprocessing of Medical Devices"...

In surface disinfection, exposure times and concentrations depend on the risk assessment and the manufacturers' instructions. For high-risk areas, for example operating theatres...