To ensure hand disinfection's required success, all hand areas need to be completely covered with the preparation during rubbing. Since the seventies, a sequence of six steps was considered the best rub-in technique to prevent...

Sterilisation method involving pressurised moist heat. Autoclaves are primarily used to sterilise medical instruments, surgical linen, swabs, etc. The moisture even removes bacterial spores that are more resistant to dry heat...

Hygienic hand disinfection is defined as rubbing the dry hands with alcohol-based preparations over a time period of 30 seconds. The aim of the procedure is the inactivation of the microorganisms that reached the surface of the skin...